ETHICS AND MORAL USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Ethics comes from the Greek meaning ethikos arising from habit. Ethics includes the analysis and application of values ​​such as right, wrong, good, bad and responsibilities. Ethics and morals should be applied in the use of information technology and communications. Although the form of a digital world, information technology and communications media is controlled by humans.

One example application of ethics in information and communication technology is netiquette or ethics and etiquette to communicate over the Internet. Although communication via the Internet a lot going through the writings and symbols, but Internet users must keep the spoken and apply good ethics. If someone has good ethics, then that person also has a good moral. And vice versa.

In the case of the use of software, ethics and morals are closely related to the right of a person, ie, the software maker. The software maker has been working hard to work so that his work was rewarded and protected by law. Indonesia as a country of law have laws governing intellectual property rights.

In addition to attention to ethics and morals, the use of computers and information technology tools and other communication should also pay attention to the principles of occupational health and safety. The use of the hardware that is not according to the procedure can bring negative impact to the user. In the world of work, especially the world of work is its mass and large, the factors of health and safety need to be considered carefully.

Intellectual property rights

Intellectual Property Rights is the recognition that the law allows the holder the right (above) that regulate the use of intellectual property ideas and expressions are created within a certain period. The term 'intellectual property' to reflect that it is a result of the mind or intellect, and that intellectual property rights can be protected by law as other forms of property rights.

Intellectual Property Rights IPR is often abbreviated and generally more commonly known as TRIPS. Objects are arranged in intellectual property rights concerning the works of humans are born due to their intellectual ability. IPR is divided into two namely:
● copyright
● industrial property rightsThe scope of the copyrights covering the works either in the form of goods, songs, writings, designs and so forth. The results of such works can be registered with the Department of Justice that is protected by law. Basically, any work / human creativity can be registered to the Justice Department in order to receive legal protection.

In Indonesia, the law of copyright refer to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2002. A person or institution who register their works to the competent authorities will have legal protection. In the Law Decree No. 19 of 2002 explains that:

a. Copyrights are exclusive rights for the creator or the recipient the right to publish, reproduce creations, or give permission for it by not reducing the restrictions under laws in force.

b. Creator is a person or several persons jointly upon whose inspiration of a creation based on the ability of the mind, imagination, dexterity, skill or expertise manifested in the form of a distinctive and personal.

c. Creation is the result of every work of creators who show expertise in the field of science, art, or literature.

d. The copyright holder is the creator as the owner of the copyright or the party receiving the rights of creators, or others who receive more rights than the party receiving such rights.

e. The announcement was reading, broadcasting, exhibition, sale, distribution, or dissemination of a creation using any tool, including Internet media, or in any way so that a creature can be read, heard or seen by anyone else.

f. Propagation is the addition of something of creation, in whole or part of a very substantial by using the same materials or are not the same, including the change embodied permanently or temporarily

g. The computer program is a set of instructions expressed in the form of language, codes, schemes, or any other form which when combined with media that can be read by computers will be able to make the computer work to perform specific functions or to achieve specific results, including preparation in designing those instructions.

The rules of copyright software
Copyright rules associated with the computer software set forth in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 19 of 2000 which consists of 15 chapters and 78 articles.
Previously, our country has been the Copyright Act, namely:
● Law no. 6 of 1982
● Law no. 7 of 1987
● Law no. 12 of 1997

Copyright Act designed to protect the work or the creation of violations committed by people who are irresponsible. Here are excerpts from the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.. 19 of 2002:

                                                                                   Article 49
a. The perpetrator has the exclusive right to give permission or prohibit other parties without his consent makes, reproduce, or broadcast a sound recording and / or picture performer.
b. Producers of phonograms have the exclusive right to authorize or prohibit another party without the consent reproduces and / or rent the work of sound recordings or sound recordings.

In the field of software, there are some terms relating to patents. In addition, there are several definitions that show the status of a piece of software that we need to know. These terms are:

Proprietary Software
Proprietary software (proprietary) software is not free or even semi-free. A person can be banned, or should ask for permission, or subject to other restrictions if the use, redistribution or modification.
Commercial Software
Commercial software is software developed by businesses to benefit from its use. Commercial and ownership are two different things. Most commercial software is proprietary, but there is commercial free software, and any software is not free and not commercial.
Semi-Free Software
Semi-free software is software that is not free, but allow everyone to use, copy, distribute, and modify (including distribution of modified versions) for a particular purpose. Semi-free software is much better than proprietary software, but there is still a problem because one can not use it on any operating system.
Public Domain
Public domain software is software without copyright. This is a special case of the non-copyleft free software (see GNU / GPL), which means that some copies or modified versions may not be free at all. Sometimes one uses the term public domain freely, which means free of charge or available free of charge. But the public domain is a legal term which means not copyrighted. For clarity, the better we use the term `` public domain''for that meaning, and use other terms to convey the other.

Freware
The term freeware is not well defined, but typically used for packages which permit redistribution without modification (code is not available). These packages are not free software ..
Shareware
Shareware is software that allows people to redistribute copies, but those who continue to use it are asked to pay a license fee. In practice, people often disregard the distribution terms and use the software even though the terms do not allow it.



GNU General Public License (GNU/GPL)

GNU / GPL is a certain set of distribution terms for it to copyleft a program (copyleft is a word cloud of copyright). The GNU Project uses it as the distribution for most of GNU software. An example is the common GPL license used in Open Source software. GPL gives rights to others to use an invention as long as the modification or creation of derivative products that have the same license. The opposite of copyright is public domain. Creation in the public domain can be used at will by other parties.

Opensource

The concept of Open Source Software (Open Source Software) is essentially an open source code (source code) of a software. This concept seemed weird at first because the source code of a software key. By knowing the logic that exist in the source code, then others should be able to make the same software functions. The concept of open source is actually nothing more. That is, open source software should not be free. We could make our software open-source its code, patented algorithm, registering copyrights, and keep selling the software commercially (aka not free). The original open source definition as set out in the OSD (Open Source Definition) includes:
● Free Redistribution
● Source Code
● Derived Works
● Integrity of the Authors Source Code
● No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups

● No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
● Distribution of License
● License Must Not Be Specific to a Product
● License Must Not Contaminate Other Software

The impact of copyright infringement

The development of information and communication technology requires good resources from all aspects, especially from the aspect of human resources. Creations, in this case copyrighted works associated with the software, deservedly awarded a viable future in order to create works better.

Infringement of copyright in the field of information technology and communications generally occur in copyrighted works software or software. Nature of the infraction can be:

a. duplication or copying of proprietary software without permission
b. the sale of pirated software
c. installing pirated software onto the hard drive
d. modification of software without permission.

Violations of copyright a person will be punishable by law in accordance with article 72 of Law No Copyright. 19 of 2002 which states:

a. Anyone who deliberately and without rights commits acts as referred to in Article 2 paragraph (1) or Article 49 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) shall be punished with imprisonment of at least 1 (one) month and / or a fine rp. 1,000,000.00 (one million rupiah), or imprisonment of at most 7 (seven) years and / or a fine of not more Rp.5.000.000.0000, 00 (five billion rupiah).

b. Anyone who purposely broadcast, display, distribute, or sell to the public a creation or goods resulting from an infringement of copyright or related rights as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be punished with imprisonment of 5 (five) years and / or a maximum fine of Rp . 500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiahs).

c. Whoever intentionally and without right to reproduce for commercial use of a computer program shall be punished with imprisonment of 5 (five) years and / or a fine of not more Rp.500.000.000, 00 (five hundred million rupiah)

We respect the copyrights of others

Every human being who created a masterpiece would be happy if his work was honored. These awards can take many different forms. In relation to information and communication technology, there are many ways to honor the copyrights of others.

Not neglect the negative impact of copyright laws is the rampant piracy. An act of piracy activities categorized as a violation of law. Piracy is an act which can be detrimental to many parties, both in creativity and economically. Today, piracy-related creative works is not only happening on the scope of art like film, music, or artwork
other, but also extends to the works of computer software. In general the community has been outstanding items of information and communication technology legal, including computer software which is sold freely as a result of unauthorized reproduction. Such actions clearly violate the law and perpetrators can be brought to justice. As a good citizen, it is appropriate that we respect the copyrights of others, for example in the following way.

1. Always use a software that is legal and licensed. Legal and licensed does not necessarily mean that we should pay for it. For example, we can use the Linux operating system is legal and licensed without having to pay.
2. Not doing illegal software copying.
3. Always use the software for the positive things.
4. Does not alter or modify computer programs that are not be altered or modified by the manufacturer.
5. Not abuse the software for a variety of things that violate the law.

Posted in: internet and network